ABSTRACT
Objective::To study the forming process of the gynandrium-like in Amomum villosum. Method::The flowerets were divided into 8 growth periods from 0.5 cm in length to the day after flowering. Fresh sample were anatomized, and paraffin sectioning was performed on the flowerets. The height of anther chamber, the pollen sac angles, the width of anther gap, the diameter of style, the filament-labellum angle (α), and the filament-anther angle (β) were determined. Result::The angle of the pollen sac had no obvious change before flowering, but decreased from 32° to 17° after flowering. The width of anther gap increased to 0.29 mm in the 5th growth period, while the diameter of style was 0.32 mm in the same period, the ratio of them was 92%. Compared with the day before flowering, the angle α decreased from 83° to 42° during flowering, and the angle β decreased from 186° to 147°. In the filament, the abaxial side had 1 to 5 layers of cells more than the adaxial side. In the style, it was found that the adaxial side had 1 to 6 layers of cells more than the abaxial side. Conclusion::The asymmetry of the cell structure at abaxial and adaxial sides of the filament and style is the basis of the movement. In the 5th growth period, the width of anther gap increased almost to the size of style, so the style was able to slide in. When blossoming, the pollen sacs quickly squeezed to the gap in middle, and the entrance for style to access was blocked. Therefore, the style had to remain in the gap of the pollen sacs. Meanwhile, angles α and β drastically decreased, resulting in the stamen sandwiched the pistil and bending together toward the labellum. The gynandrium-like structure was formed.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To set up a callus induction system for Amomum villosum by tissue culture. Method: The rhizome buds of A. villosum and stem segments,root tip segments of sterile A. villosum plantles were used as explants and cultured in MS media with different concentrations of 6-BA,NAA and 2,4-D (the pH of each medi is about 5.8). A callus induction system was established to explore the effect of different explants and different medium on callus induction for A. villosum. Result:The findings showed that the rhizome buds and sterile plantlet stems and root tip segments of three different explants can be successfully induced into calli. The most suitable medium for callus induction from rhizome buds and sterile plantlet stems was MS with 6-BA (1.5 mg·L-1),2,4-D (1.0 mg·L-1) and NAA (0.5 mg·L-1) with the highest induction rates of 15% and 60% respectively. MS medium combined with 6-BA (2.0 mg·L-1),2,4-D (1.0 mg·L-1) and NAA (1.0 mg·L-1) was the most suitable proposal for inducing the callus from sterile root tip segments with the highest induction rate of 76%. Conclusion:Under certain culture conditions,rhizome buds,stem or root tip segments of sterile plantlet can be effectively induced into callus. The callus induction system of A. villosum is preliminarily established, and root tip segments of sterile plantlet are the optimal explant.
ABSTRACT
In order to set up a technical standard for planting Amomum villosum in wood forest in the future, we analyzed the relationship between the ecological factors and the yield of A. villosum planted in five Dimocarpus imocarpus longan wood forests and five miscellaneous wood forests in Yangchun city, to find out the dominant factors that affect the yield of A. villosum. The results showed that agricultural measures of fertilization, artificial irrigation and removing the old plants were positively correlated with the yield of A. villosum, the pesticide spraying and soil pH value were negatively correlated with the yield of A. villosum. But the effects of ecological factors on the yield were not significantly. High yield regions are generally located in the ravine, two sides of mountain stream and other places where water is more adequate. The slope of cultivated field with high yield is generally less than 30°, lighting and ventilation are more appropriate; soil type is generally sandy or loam, shade density is generally about 50%, and pollinators are many in quantity and variety. And we found that there was a large difference in mineral nutrient contents of soils among ten plantations. Results indicate that the yield of A. villosum is determined by the combination of each ecological factor. Suitable light intensity, moisture, ventilation and reasonable fertilization are conductive to increase the yield of A. villosum, but the use of pesticides and soil alkalization hinder the increase of A. villosum production. Too high shade density and the abuse of pesticides may be the main reason for limiting the yield of A. villosum planted in D. longan wood forests. This study has obtained key techniques of the ecological stereoscopic cultivation mode of A. villosum-D. longan, which lays a theoretical foundation for the guidance of farmers in planting A. villosum in the D. Longan forest in the future.